2026 rules · Updated for 2026
F1 brake-by-wire explained
How electronics blend rear hydraulic braking with MGU-K energy recovery.
Quick answer
At the rear axle, brake-by-wire interprets the driver's pedal demand and blends friction braking with the slowing effect of electrical harvesting so the car responds consistently.
01
The blending problem
The MGU-K can slow the rear wheels while harvesting, but that effect changes with energy limits and state of charge. Hydraulic pressure must compensate.
02
Driver feel
A driver needs predictable pedal response at the limit. The control system aims to make changing regenerative contribution feel like one coherent braking system.
03
Fail-safe design
Separate hydraulic circuits and regulatory requirements preserve braking capability if electronic assistance is reduced or unavailable.